Journal: Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
Article Title: Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Activates Mitophagy Through Cargo Receptor and Phagophore Formation.
doi: 10.3390/pathogens13121139
Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 10. Translocation of ULK1 into the proximity of mitochondria for HCV NS5A-activated mitophagy: (A) Huh7/RFP-LC3/Mito-miRFP670 cells were transduced with retroviruses express- ing GFP-ULK1, generating Huh7/RFP-LC3/Mito-miRFP670/GFP-ULK1 cells. Then, Huh7/RFP- LC3/Mito-miRFP670/GFP-ULK1 cells were transduced with (+) or without (−) pTRIP-HCV NS5A- mTagBFP2 lentiviruses for forty-eight hours and analyzed via confocal microscopy. (B) The number of GFP-ULK1 molecules recruited onto mitophagosomes, in which RFP-LC3 puncta sequestered Mito-miRFP670-expressing mitochondria, was quantified. (C) The selected live imaging frames show the magnified area in the white dashed box of the top panel in (A). The white arrowheads indicate the recruitment of GFP-ULK1 to Mito-miRFP670-labeled mitochondria before sequestration by RFP-LC3 puncta. (D) Huh7/RFP-Parkin/Mito-miRFP670 cells were transduced with retroviruses expressing GFP-ULK1, generating Huh7/RFP-Parkin/Mito-miRFP670/GFP-ULK1 cells. Then, Huh7/RFP- Parkin/Mito-miRFP670/GFP-ULK1 cells were transduced with (+) or without (−) pTRIP-HCV NS5A-mTagBFP2 lentiviruses for forty-eight hours and analyzed via confocal microscopy. (E) The number of GFP-ULK1 molecules recruited to the RFP-Parkin-translocated Mito-miRFP670-labeled mitochondria was quantified. (F) The selected live imaging frames show the magnified area in the white dashed box of the top panel in (D). The white arrowheads indicate the recruitment of GFP-ULK1 to Mito-miRFP670-labeled mitochondria after RFP-Parkin translocation. The data shown in (B,E) represent the mean ± SEM (n = 10, *** p < 0.001).
Article Snippet: Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMLV)-based retrovirus expression plasmids, including pMXs-IP-EGFP-mAtg5 (#38196), pMXs-puro GFP-DFCP1 (#38269), pMXs-IP GFP-Atg14 (#38264), and pMXs-IP-EGFP-ULK1 (#38193) were obtained from Addgene (Watertown, MA, USA).
Techniques: Translocation Assay, Transduction, Confocal Microscopy, Expressing, Imaging, Labeling